Othello, By William Shakespeare - 897 Words

Love is probably the most important factor in today s society. That Love can drive us forward, love can drive us back. In Shakespeare s Othello, the villainous character Iago maintains a well diverse, and deceptive character in the play. Using only his words, we see how he puts magic into the play, to help it move forward and evolve. That we get to see his true identity as he has homoerotic feelings towards Othello. We see Iago try to use his power of speech to try to pursue Othello, but we see him never have gotten close as Othello ignore his advances. That his very own words prevent him from ever be one with Othello. Iago getting rejected for Lieutenancy and at the same time Desdemona being Othello s closes advisor fuels his rage and drive his vengeance to end Cassio, Desdemona and Othello for all the pain they caused him. Throughout the play we see Iago uses the power of his tongue, the words that roll off of it to seek revenge on them. At the same time he uses words to mask his true feelings towards Othello. That His very words will show his homosexual desire more evident, as he plants sexual scenes into Othello s head in an effort to pursue him through speech and conversation. In the play we see the absolute power of mere words having a massive effect on the characters in the play. In the article Shakespeare s Aural Art: The Metaphor Of The Ear In Othello by John wall he describes the nature of Iago. That his power to manipulate resides in his abilityShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measur es by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

War and Its Costs Essay - 1126 Words

War and Its Costs World War One was said to be the war to end all wars, little did the people know that that was going to be proven wrong 19 later. The perception of war was clearly misstated to new recruits. Both protagonists in both books thought the war was just a time to prove yourself and fight for your country, little did they know that the point of them being in the war was to teach them how to stay alive. Paul Baumer, the protagonist in All Quiet on the Western Front, got use to the war and his comrades better then Robert Ross, the protagonist in The Wars, did. The narrators of both books describe the war ground quite vividly and quite similarly. Receiving a misconception of war was exactly what Paul Baumer and Robert†¦show more content†¦Why do they never tell us that you are poor devils like us#8230; that we have the same fear of death, and the same dying and the same agony#8212;Forgive me, comrade; how could you be my enemy? If we threw away these rifles and this uniform you could be my brother just like Kat... His teacher did not teach this sudden sympathy that Paul displays. Paul told Katczinsky what had happened and Katczinsky related to the matter by saying that everyone goes through it their first time. Robert had gone through a different misconception of war. 3Roberts sister Rowena was crippled so Robert always hung around with her to cheer her up; they were best friends. One day when Robert was out Rowena fell when she wasnt being watched and died. This was the final draw and Robert decided that the last thing left for him to do was to leave his family and go to war. Robert enlisted into the army. Robert didnt really know what he was doing, just that there was a war going on and he was going to be part of it. Unlike Paul, Robert wasnt really taught anything about the war, he just figured it was away out of the real world. Throughout the entire book Paul shows a drastic change in his attitude towards his pre-enlistment society as oppose to his fellow comrades in the army. At first Paul seems to take the advice of his teacher and parents by enlisting into the army. He described his teachers persuasion to get his students to enlist into the army by saying, 4surrenderingShow MoreRelatedEssay on cost of war1154 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The total cost of the war in Iraq is now above 161 billion dollars and is still rising. That is an incredible amount of money that is being put forth to fight an ongoing war against insurgents in Iraq. This money could potentially be put toward finding a solution to some of America’s more personal issues, such as the declining amount of government money in schools, the increasing number of people being diagnosed with AIDS, and the increasing poverty level. Putting moneyRead MoreThe Costs of the Revolutionary War683 Words   |  3 PagesThe Cos ts of the Revolutionary War Introduction The American revolutionary war brought about a myriad of costs to both the British and the newly independent Americans. Some of the political, economical, and social consequesnces were felt immediately while others such as slavery and women’s rights would have lingering impacts into the future. The revolutionary war left Americans with significant financial debt, a new government that had to figure out how to pay the debt and strengthen commercialRead MoreThe Rising Costs Of The War1800 Words   |  8 PagesThe rising costs of the war, coupled with falling oil prices in 1986, led to the use of non-oil exports to generate revenue because oil income was no longer a guaranteed source of foreign currency. To finance short-term debts, Iran drained its small reserve of foreign currency by allowing advance drawing on revenues. The FY 1987 budget also reflected the priority of the war effort. The government again promised to curb inflation, to continue to subsidize basic foodstuffs, and to make billions availableRead MoreThe Greatest Cost Of All Wars2322 Words   |  10 Pagesis also opportunity,† by Sun Tzu. War, by all means, is the worst kind of cost that any nations could go through. Nations make enemies and some people, eventually, lose their lives because of it. To some, war is just, because nations fight for peace and justice. To others, war is unjust, because nations fight for money, which makes pointless in the first place. We never find a true answer to whether war is just or not, however we can look at the facts about the war. We can look at these facts and figureRead MoreAn Outbreak Of War At All Costs1772 Words   |  8 PagesDear Mr. Prime Minister, I am aware of the fact that you want to avoid an outbreak of war at all costs. Europe has been struggling to survive due to so much damage being done from the First World War. You believe that by avoiding war, you can stitch up the missing pieces between Germany and the rest of Europe. However, I don’t believe Germany will ever be satisfied until they have complete control. Hitler’s actions in the past have proven that he only cares for his own self-interests. Ever sinceRead MoreThe Second World War Cost Germany1310 Words   |  6 PagesAltabef Money, Markets and Magic 3/17/15 The Second World War cost Germany approximately 270 billion dollars. Hitler understood that the German government should be prepared for a 10 to 15 year war. As he wished massive building projects to coincide with victory, this proved to be an unrealistic task (Overy). To combat growing industry several million prisoners of war were deported into the Reich (Spoerer). In order to sustain the German war economy, the armament industry was privatized. This privatizationRead MoreAmericas Cost Of Wars Abroad And Domestic1972 Words   |  8 PagesAmericas Cost of Wars Abroad and Domestic The American soldiers fighting in foreign lands create a high cost of war. The multiple factors related to the high cost of maintaining America’s vast military bases in foreign lands is not sustainable, but the human cost of families coping with injuries suffered in war by home coming vets from foreign wars is not acceptable either. The foreign and political sides are the cost of maintaining a large military presence here and abroad is not feasible. WhereasRead MoreThe Cost Of The World War On Our Country1110 Words   |  5 Pages The cost of the World War on our country has been immense. The seemingly endless destruction has deeply disheartened the country. Now I say the country because daily I see its effects everywhere. As I drive from my modest townhouse in Harlow towards the borstal near Epping, the craters are still everywhere, reminders of the price of freedom. Daily, I see people walking the roads with a suitcase of all their belongings, searching for a new life in Harlow, escaping the ruins of London. Once I arriveRead MoreThe Psychological Cost Of Children During The American Civil War Essay719 Words   |  3 Pagespsychology of combat (Grossman et. al, 2007). In his book, On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society, he talks about non-firing rate. Non-firing rate is the percentage of soldiers who freeze up during combat, and do not fire their weapon. There has been documentation of non-firing rate dating back to 1863, during the American Civil War. There is even documentation to prove that both World War I and II soldiers displayed the same consistence in failing to fire their weapons;Read MoreCount the Cost is a Collaborative Effort to Fight the War on Drugs1696 Words   |  7 PagesCount the Costs is a collaborative project between a range of organisations that, while representing a diverse range of expertise and viewpoints, share a desire to reduce the unintended costs of the war on drugs. The Count the Co sts project aims to highlight the negative impacts of the war on drugs in seven key policy areas: Development and Security; Public health; Human Rights; Stigma and Discrimination; Crime; The Environment; and Economics. The project calls upon world leaders and UN agencies

Event Management Toyota

Question: Discuss about theEvent Managementfor Toyota. Answer: Pre Event Toyota has currently decided to launch an innovative Hybrid Cruiser in the Australian market. The company is going to arrange an effective promotion on 1st February 2016. Melbournes Federation Square is the selected place where a large number of dignitaries and VIPs have been invited the senior manager staffs; the board of directors, CEO of the company and the CSR director of Toyota would attend the program and deliver their valuable speeches regarding the next agenda of Toyota (Eisen et al. 2012). Marketing, Promotion and Vranding In order to promote the management, an effective press release would be prepared for published in the official website of Toyota. This press release would help the concerned members for getting an in-depth overview regarding the agenda of Toyota in the coming days. Finance: Toyota has decided to invest $5000000 for the event management plan. The guests who are expected to attend the event would be treated with extra-vagrant way for promoting the business in effectively. Location: Melbournes Federation Square would be chosen as the proper destination of arranging the program. Private cars would be available in different corners of Australia for receiving the honorable guests. Human Resource: In order to executive the entire program, successfully some of the concerned persons should have a direct involvement. The event manager, the agency executives, human resource managers and presenter would have an equal contribution for making the event successful. Sponsors: Coca-Cola, Australia National Sports Club, Sports super center have already expanded their widespread wings in order to sponsor in the promotional activities of Hybrid Cruiser of Toyota. They would be invited as well for attending the event of Toyota launch party. Programs: The valuable speeches would be delivered on behalf of the eminent personalities of Toyota. They would provide a deep insight about the innovative features of this new car that can create a distinct identity of this Hybrid Cruiser (Getz 2012). Toyotas next agendas would also be discussed in this event. Event Logistics: Sufficient food and water supply, availability of cars to bring the guests in the proper destination, available space to enjoy the program etc would be available for providing a comfortable atmosphere to the guests. Legal Risk: In order to conduct the entire event management plan successfully some of the risk factors can occur at the middle of the event. In order to overcome those risks, the initiatives that would have to be taken are as follows: Conducting the program in dry weather Making the list of invitees from the beginning and providing them sufficient reception Taking the permission of government before conducting the program Cleaning the Maintenance Plan: The entire place would be kept neat and clean maintaining hygiene factors on organizers. All the invitees would be treated with equal respect and dignity. Any kind of biasness would not be entertained at middle of the event. Apart from all the concerns, a well-described script would be prepared for drawing the attention of the invitees (Masterman 2014). The volunteers and the staffs would provide effective services for fulfilling the needs and demands of the guests. Droping Figure 1: WBS Document for Event management plan (Source: Masterman 2014) During the Event: On the day of event, the presenter would take the responsibility of providing a brief regarding the purpose of arranging this particular event. The entire journey of Toyota and their ways of business expansion all over the world would be highlighted in this event. The current features of Hybrid Cruisers and its specialties would be pointed out in this event. The USP of the new car would be presented in such a way that journalists show their interest for publishing the news in their channels and newspapers. Post Event: After the event a special regards would be delivered to the concerned sponsors who have left immense contribution making the event successful. A formal thank you letter would be provided to the volunteers, performers, staffs and all other participants of the events at the end of entire program. An effective should also be collected from the chief guests in order to know their reaction about the overall arrangement of the program. After collecting the feedback from various corners, the event management agency should evaluate the feedback, be it positive or negative. Negative feedback should be accepted happily so that the organizers can improve those aspects next time. In addition, at the end of the event the agency has to take the responsibility to drop the chief the guests to the proper destination. The feedback of the journalists would also be acquired at the end of the program. Reference List: Eisen, T., Sternberg, C.N., Robert, C., Mulders, P., Pyle, L., Zbinden, S., Izzedine, H. and Escudier, B., 2012. Targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma: review of adverse event management strategies.Journal of the National Cancer Institute,104(2), pp.93-113. Getz, D., 2012. Event studies: Discourses and future directions.Event Management,16(2), pp.171-187. Masterman, G., 2014.Strategic sports event management. Routledge.

Discuss Social/Psychological Explanations Given For Schizophrenia Essay Example For Students

Discuss Social/Psychological Explanations Given For Schizophrenia Essay Page 255 Question 4 (a) and (b)DESCRIBE ANY ONE MENTAL DISORDER. DISCUSS SOCIAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS GIVEN FORTHIS DISORDER. SCHIZOPHRENIASchizophrenia is a serious psychotic disorder that is characterised by a loss of contact with reality. Kraepelin in 1902 originally called schizophrenia Dementia Praecox which is a senility of youth. He believed that the typical symptoms were due to a form of mental deterioration which began in adolescence. Symptoms are mainly disturbances of thought processes but also extend to disturbances of behaviour and emotion. There are two traditional symptom categories of schizophrenia. Acute schizophrenia is classified as type one, as a functional disorder which has positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Chronic schizophrenia is classified as type two, as an organic disorder which has negative symptoms such as apathy and withdrawal. These two main symptom categories have been abandoned by DSM-IV, which is the latest version of the American manual for all mental disorders, symptoms and possible treatments. Schizophrenia is now classified into three main subtypes, paranoid in which the person is less disturbed, disorganised or hebephrenic which is what most people associate schizophrenia as, and catatonic which is the most serious of the three. In paranoid schizophrenia the person may have delusions of grandeur which is when they believe they are someone famous or grand for example The Messiah or Elvis, or when they believe they posses magical powers. Delusions of persecution is another symptom. This is when they believe that others are plotting against them, they are being spied upon, talked about or being deliberately victimised. Paranoid schizophrenia sufferers may also have auditory hallucinations which are voices heard in the absence of external stimuli which are often critical, warning them of danger or giving them commands. Slater and Roth in 1969 regarded hallucinations as the least important of all the symptoms because they are not exclusive to schizophrenia. In paranoid schizophrenia the personality is better preserved than in the other two kinds. It is a type one, functional, acute and positive type of schizophrenia. Disorganised schizophrenia typically makes a gradual appearance between the ages of twenty and twenty-five. The hebephrenic will display the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia as well as disorganised behaviour and speech. The person may have severe disruption in the ability to perform everyday living activities such as showering, dressing themselves and preparing and cooking meals. They may speak inappropriately and say things that do not make any sense and are in a confusing order. Inappropriate behaviour may also be shown for example they might laugh when they are being told terrible news. They may have flat emotions, where no emotional response is shown. Their eyes are lifeless ,their speech is toneless and emotionless and they look like they are staring at nothing particular, into space. Their behaviour is out of context. The disorganised type is in-between the traditional classifications of positive and negative symptoms. Catatonic schizophrenia includes the symptoms of paranoid and disorganised schizophrenia along with some more serious symptoms, and is a type two, negative and chronic. The schizophrenic may show apathy which is the lack of interest in normal goals, the loss of drive when they feel drained of energy, tired and are unable to continue with things they have begun. Cataleptic stupor is also a symptom where the person stands motionless or in bizarre postures, like a statue. Excessive motor activity is common when they move in odd and disturbing ways, sudden movement which appears purposeless and is not implicated by external stimuli. The person may also repeatedly echo words spoken by others, or the accentuated imitation of the mannerisms of other people. This is called echolalia. Hypoglycemia EssayThere are now treatment programmes for the family of the schizophrenic including training in controlling expressed emotion. This approach has been criticised as many schizophrenics are not in contact with their family, or have minimal contact and yet there is no evidence that such people are less prone to relapse. This study was done by Goldstein in 1988. It could be argued that any social environment could be regarded as having high or low expressed emotion. High expressed emotion may well develop as a response to living with the burdens of schizophrenia. Bebbington and Kuipers in 1992 showed the results of prospective studies of expressed emotion. In all of the patients that returned to a home with high expressed emotion situation, the relapse rate is always higher than if the schizophrenic was returning to a home with low expressed emotion. The social/psychological explanations for schizophrenia are not conclusive but neither are all the other explanations as there is no cure for schizophrenia, the most serious of all mental disorders. I think that schizophrenia is inherited but not totally. There are other factors which can cause or worsen it when the schizophrenic is vulnerable and interact with environmental factors such as stressful life events. BibliographyReferences: Psychology for A Level. Cardwell, Clark and Meldrum. p246-255. 1987. Collins Educational. Psychology

Sir Thomas MaloryS Le Morte DArthur Essays -

Sir Thomas Malory'S Le Morte D'Arthur In the Medieval Period, knights dedicated their lives to following the code of chivalry. In Sir Thomas Malorys Le Morte dArthur, a number of characters performed chivalrous acts to achieve the status of an ideal knight. Their characteristics of respect for women and courtesy for all, helpfulness to the weak, honor, and skill in battle made the characters King Arthur, King Pellinore, and Sir Gryfflette examples of a what knights strove to be like in Medieval society. Because of the examples ofchivalry, Le Morte dArthur showed what a knight desired to be, so he could improve theworld in which he lived. Respect for women and courtesy were two major characteristics that knights longed to develop, and King Arthur was able to demonstrate them in two specific instances. Arthur showed great respect for the Lady of the Lake. Merlin, the magician who guided Arthur as he grew to be a legendary knight advised him to address her courteously, and do as she directed (page 75). Arthur spoke very politely and she gave him the famous sword, Excaliber. In his respect for the lady, he also promised to give heany gift she wants because she presented him with the sword. Respectfulness to women was one quality knights strove for, but less specifically, a knight was expected to be courteous towards everyone. King Arthur demonstrated this characteristic while dealing with the Roman ambassadors. They asked for a tribute, and Arthur responded, we shall not put you to death for your insolent words (page 74). Then, he warned them that if they came back, he would kill them. This was considerate behavior becau se even though he was angry, he was polite and allowed them to leave safely. The warning also showed his courtesy because he could have not told them in anticipation of their return in order to kill them because of their disagreement. These two examples of King Arthurs respect for the Lady of the Lake and the Roman ambassadors made him a model knight since he was obeying the code of chivalry. In addition to being courteous, being helpful to the weak was another aspect of chivalry portrayed through characters in the story. First, Arthur tried to be helpful to Merlin when he was being chased by ruffians. Arthur chased them away while riding his horse. Merlin was not in real danger because of his magical powers, but the intent of Arthur was to help someone who needed because he thought Merlins powers might have failed him. Another example of this chivalrous quality was illustrated during the battle between King Pellinore and Sir Gryfflette. Pellinore knocked Gryfflette off his horse and, swiftly ran over to him and loosened his armor. He then, lifted him gently onto his horse (page 74). Sir Gryfflette was weak, and he was just knighted that day, so Pellinore did the chivalrous action and helped him. Being helpful to the weak was a quality that all the knights were trying to develop, and King Arthur and King Pellinore showed this attribute in their actions with Merlin and Gryfflette. Another characteristic besides helpfulness was honor. When King Pellinore was helping Gryfflette, he was not only helping someone who was weak, he was being honorable. He knew that he had superior fighting skills than the new knight, so he did not pursue the battle because it would be unfair. He sent Sir Gryfflette home so he could regain his health, even though he had a chance to finish the battle and kill the knight. Another example of honor was Gryfflettes attempt to avenge Sir Myles death. Gryfflette asked to be a knight, and then he pleaded, Sire, but I beg you (page 73), until Arthur dubbed him. He had a deep longing to do what was right and show his loyalty and honor by fighting the man who killed his master. Arthur did the same when he went to fight Pellinore because the king had wounded his knight. Although, Arthur was not ranked below Gryfflette, he wanted the revenge. Last, Arthur showed his honor once again when he decided not to fight a tired Pellinore. Merlin says, To win would bring you no honor, to lose would be to increase your shame (page

Management Assessment of Kudler Fine Food

Management Assessment of Kudler Fine Food Free Online Research Papers Since 1998, Kudler Fine Food (KFF) has established itself as one of the premier upscale epicurean stores in the greater San Diego area. Kathy Kudler, founder and president of KFF, established the first store in 1998 and launched two more within the next 5 years. KFF has a top-level team of directors and managers who are committed to the ongoing success and growth of the organization. This paper will identify the primary functions of management and KFF personnel who satisfy these functions, explore the role of information technology within the organization, and analyze KFF’s market using Porter’s Competitive Forces. Primary Functions of Management Planning and Strategizing One key function of management involves identifying organizational goals and developing a plan necessary to achieve these goals. This planning and strategizing requires a realistic assessment of the organization, including strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks (Gomez, p5.). Kathy Kudler, having served as a vice-president of Marketing for a large defense contractor, is a proficient strategist. Her initial business plan led KFF to a profit within the first nine months of operation. Kathy and her department managers use forecasts to extrapolate past data into future projections (University of Phoenix, Supply Chain Overview). Organizing A company’s organizing function of management facilitates its resources. An effective organizer will arrange personnel, funds, physical assets, technical resources and information when working to achieve desired goals (Gomez, p.6). Harvey Stephens, the director of finance and accounting, demonstrated his organizing leadership style initiating the implementation a company-wide database. The director of store operations, Yvonne Reynolds, has also shown effective organizing management in managing the inventory, purchasing and logistics of each store. Leading Some leaders are very effective in motivating and empowering individuals to do their most capable work. The function of leading involves clear communication of corporate goals, employee motivation, and careful attention to working environment (Gomez, p. 6). Kathy Kudler demonstrated effective leadership by communicating her vision and KFF corporate goals to her executive management. Further leadership of Yvonne Reynold’s encouraged department managers to collaborate with there counterparts at other stores by comparing merchandise price, quality, and delivery. Controlling A controlling manager assesses the company goals, evaluates its direction, and unifies the direction and focus. This leader will measure performance and implement necessary changes while monitoring their progress (Gomez, p.6). As director of administration and human resources, Brenda Wagner develops policies and directs and coordinates human resource activities (University of Phoenix, Job Description). Because both operations and information systems management deal with specialized issues related to control (Gomez, p.6), it is reasonable to identify Harvey Stevens and Yvonne Reynolds as other chief controlling managers. Technology Management KFF management has successfully implemented information and technology management. A wide area network (WAN) allows each store real-time communication to effectively manage inventory and vendors. The La Jolla and Del Mar stores host two inventory servers that can communicate with each other and utilize information received from the point of sale (POS) servers at all three stores (University of Phoenix, Information Technology: Networks). The automated data transmission of the POS servers makes inventory management and control manageable. The POS system also allows for electronic payments. The KFF database stores information about customers, vendors, orders, and inventory. This data provides the executive team with key information when determining direction, developing strategies, and setting clear and focused goals. Finally, KFF can attract customers with a relevant and useful website, allowing customers to view store locations and products through simple one-click navigation. Five Forces of Porter’s Model According to economist and management strategist, Michael Porter, any organization can build a competitive advantage by understanding and focusing on five competitive forces. Because â€Å"competition is at the core of a firm’s success or failure† (Turner, p. 606), KFF management can develop key organizational strategies by assessing how each force currently affects KFF operations. Threat of Entry of New Competitors Kathy Kudler found an open market for a gourmet food store in the late nineties. Since that time, epicurean cooking has grown into a rapidly increasing American trend. Mintel International Group estimated that serious cooking enthusiasts account for an estimated $25 billion in sales of specialty food and drinks, kitchen appliances, and other kitchen related spending (Moran, 2007). As the demand increases there will be new competitors who share Kathys combined interest in gourmet cooking and business opportunities. Additionally, large chain grocery stores are constantly reinventing themselves as customer interests change. These stores can become new competitors as they add products and services currently offered by KFF. Bargaining Power of Suppliers KFF relies on suppliers to offer the best possible prices and timely delivery. Management understands the importance of these suppliers, their services, and continuing a positive relationship with each vendor. Marketing has recently emphasized the need to reduce ordering costs, minimize the quantity of food ordered, and make sure a product does not sell-out. The purchasing department followed up with a supplier relations program currently being rolled-out (University of Phoenix, Marketing Overview). Bargaining Power of Customers A 2007 customer survey indicated that 85% of customers surveyed believed the merchandise sold was a good value for their money (University of Phoenix, 2007 Market Survey). This survey showed favorable responses regarding store hours, product selection, product quality, and overall satisfaction. Through this survey, KFF management realized that their customer service and staff knowledge was not at an acceptable level. The marketing department has proposed new initiatives that will cater to the customer including cooking classes and frequent buyer points programs (University of Phoenix, Marketing Overview). Threat of Substitute Products or Services KFF products are the primary factor in their success. Kathy Kudler has managed to create an enterprise based on desirable products and the trend of home-based gourmet cooking. As trends continue to change, KFF will need to adjust to consumer demand. Rivalry Among Existing Firms in the Industry KFF continues to encounter rivalries in the industry. Trader Joes currently has 10 locations in San Diego county, including a store in Encintas and one in La Jolla (Trader Joes). Whole Foods has over 20 stores throughout Southern California including one store in La Jolla (Whole Foods Market). Understanding the power of rivalries, recent KFF marketing strategies include advertising in all forms of media and hosting public relations events and programs (Marketing Overview). The sales and marketing department has approved additional expenditures on market analysis through size and opportunity studies, food marketing trend studies, and benchmarking. KFF is aware of many influences affecting corporate success. By exploring KFF’s history, examining their current business and identifying future strategic implementations, this paper has demonstrated KFF’s thorough attention to leadership functions, technology advantage, and competitive forces. References Gomez-Mejia, L.R. Balkin, D.B. (2002). Management. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition E-Text]. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved March 25, 2008 from University of Phoenix, Resource MBA/502 Managing the Business Enterprise. Moran, M. (2007, July 1). The Gourmet Retailer. Cooking Enthusiasts Drive Specialty Market. Retrieved March 31, 2008 from gourmetretailer.com/gourmetretailer/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003606103imw=Y. Trader Joes. (n.d.). Where the dickens can you find a Trader Joes. Retrieved March 31, 2008 from http://traderjoes.com/Attachments/SC.pdf Turban, E., Rainer, K.R., Potter, R.. (2003). Introduction to Information Technology. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition E-Text]. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Retrieved March 25, 2008 from University of Phoenix, Resource MBA/502 Managing the Business Enterprise. University of Phoenix. (n.d.). 2007 Market Survey. Retrieved March 28, 2008, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, Virtual Organization Portal: Kudler Fine Foods, MBA/502 Managing the Business Enterprise. University of Phoenix. (n.d.). Job Description. Retrieved March 28, 2008, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, Virtual Organization Portal: Kudler Fine Foods, MBA/502 Managing the Business Enterprise. University of Phoenix. (n.d.). Information Technology: Networks. Retrieved March 28, 2008, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, Virtual Organization Portal: Kudler Fine Foods, MBA/502 Managing the Business Enterprise. University of Phoenix. (n.d.). Marketing Overview. Retrieved March 28, 2008, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, Virtual Organization Portal: Kudler Fine Foods, MBA/502 Managing the Business Enterprise. University of Phoenix. (n.d.). Supply Chain Overview. Retrieved March 28, 2008, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, Virtual Organization Portal: Kudler Fine Foods, MBA/502 Managing the Business Enterprise. Whole Foods Market. (2007). Store Locations. Southern California. Retrieved March 31, 2008 from wholefoodsmarket.com/stores/list_stores.php?state=C Research Papers on Management Assessment of Kudler Fine FoodThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of IndiaGenetic Engineering

WHY ESTIMATING IN CONSTRUCTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

WHY ESTIMATING IN CONSTRUCTION - Essay Example Only with such forecasts can clients be informed of the likely financial commitment. Designers need advice on the effect of their decisions on the cost of the project, and contractors need to be confident that the estimates that form the basis of their tenders are realistic. If their tender prices are consistently high they will fail to attract work, alternatively if their prices are too low, they will gain work at unprofitable rates. â€Å"Cost estimating methods have followed closely the division between the design phase and the construction phase† (Ogunlana, 19). During the design phase the cost estimate is the principal responsibility of the client’s cost estimator: the quantity surveyor or the design engineer. The estimate of detailed construction costs is seldom commenced until the tendering process is set in motion, and a contractor is requested to tender for the work. The level of detail included within the cost estimate will be dependent upon the client’s requirements and the stage within the project that the estimate is required. In the design stage the information available and the speed at which estimates are required precludes the preparation of a detailed estimate. It is not until the period immediately prior to the start of construction that the level of information available enables a detailed estimate to be produced. Where the work is put out to tender it becomes the responsibility of the client, or his representative, to provide sufficient detail of the project to enable a detailed estimate to be prepared. Construction cost estimating may therefore be divided into two categories: design phase cost estimating and contractor’s cost estimating. Within each of these two categories there are several different methods of producing cost estimates. This paper provides a description of the estimating methods used in the design phase and also describes